风险是无法被量化的——这是风险管理中最重要也最被忽视的真相。VaR模型、标准差、贝塔系数都是对历史的描述,不是对未来的预测。真正的风险永远在模型之外。
Risk cannot be quantified — this is the most important and most neglected truth in risk management. VaR models, standard deviations, betas — they describe the past, not predict the future. The real risk is always outside the model.